Depression is a common and very serious medical disease with a lifetime prevalence ranging from approximately 11% in low-income countries to 15% in high-income countries The risk of having a mental health problem in life is of about 50% and this leads to a drop in employment, productivity and wages Depression and anxiety are the 4th cause, while diabetes is the 8th cause of disability adjusted life years (DALYS) in developed countries
As it is defined by the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), diabetes is a mood disorder that reunites several symptoms that alter the functionality of an individual Depression disturbs emotions, cognition, and behaviors [According to DSM–5, the diagnostic criteria for a major depressive disorder consist of a core symptom – either a diminished/ irritable mood or decreased interest/ pleasure (anhedonia) – or both, and at least four of the following symptoms: feelings of guilt or worthlessness, fatigue or loss of energy, concentration problems, suicidal thoughts or thoughts about death, weight loss or weight gain (5% change in weight), psychomotor retardation or activation (change in activity), hypersomnia or insomnia (change in sleep) lasting for at least 2 weeks ]. Depression could be described as a first episode, a recurrent or chronic episode; could be mild, moderate or severe, with or without psychotic features
There is evidence that the prevalence of depression is moderately increased in prediabetic patients and in undiagnosed diabetic patients, and markedly increased in the previously diagnosed diabetic patients compared to normal glucose metabolism individuals [7]. The prevalence